Genre-colored glasses |
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Thoughts on genre, language, grammar, and other
rhetorical and linguistic norms |
Armistice Day and Veterans Day Tony's Takes, Heroes' final resting place - black and white, Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) On this 100th anniversary of Armistice Day, I want to pay tribute in my small way to the incredible significance of that first armistice day, as well as to all the veterans. Last year, I dug into the origins of Veterans Day and learned more about Armistice and the history of that shift of term. Today, many more of us are aware because of this major anniversary, including well-respected international leaders of France and Germany who are sharing the commemoration and renewed commitment to the armistice. Still, it's worth repeating, just as it's worth our remembering today. So here are some selections from my post last year focusing on the meaning and significance of Armistice Day, with some revisions and additions. I was pleased when I found the history of Veterans Day on the US Department of Veterans Affairs website because it showed me origins and meanings of the day that go well beyond what I understood. It showed me the original name--Armistice Day. And it showed me the original words of the proclamations. I found those words moving, and ones we should do better at sharing and acting upon. "To us in America, the reflections of Armistice Day will be filled with solemn pride in the heroism of those who died in the country’s service and with gratitude for the victory, both because of the thing from which it has freed us and because of the opportunity it has given America to show her sympathy with peace and justice in the councils of the nations…" “It is fitting that the recurring anniversary of this date should be commemorated with thanksgiving and prayer and exercises designed to perpetuate peace through good will and mutual understanding between nations” “This date,” of course, refers to November 11. The date is not a random one. The original Armistice Day celebrated the armistice, as the website explains: “an armistice, or temporary cessation of hostilities, between the Allied nations and Germany went into effect on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month. For that reason, November 11, 1918, is generally regarded as the end of 'the war to end all wars.'” After World War I did not end all wars, after World War II, after Korea, the day to recognize the Armistice, the cessation of hostilities, became Veterans Day, the day to honor the veterans of all wars. From commemorating a ceasefire to commemorating soldiers. We may have given up on the notion that we can end all wars, but the “optimism of will” that created this day originally should persist in how we honor this day. After the horrors of World War I, the people of the United States resolved not to honor their veterans but to honor the armistice and to keep the armistice going by rebuilding connections with other nations and other peoples. The concurrent resolution by the US Congress on June 4, 1926, deserves to be read in full: Whereas the 11th of November 1918, marked the cessation of the most destructive, sanguinary, and far reaching war in human annals and the resumption by the people of the United States of peaceful relations with other nations, which we hope may never again be severed, and Notice the celebration of the resumption of “peaceful relations with other nations, which we hope may never again be severed.” Notice the commemoration through activities “designed to perpetuate peace through good will and mutual understanding between nations.” Notice the invitation to the people to observe with ceremonies “of friendly relations with all other peoples.” We understood then. Having undergone the devastation of a brutal war, the hostility between nations, we understood the need to build peaceful relations, mutual understanding, and friendly relations with “all other peoples” and their nations. We understood then. What a different response to the situation today. The VA website ends with a statement of the important purpose of Veterans Day today: "A celebration to honor America's veterans for their patriotism, love of country, and willingness to serve and sacrifice for the common good." Only some of the original meaning remains in that statement. Certainly, we should honor veterans of all wars. Certainly, veterans deserve respect for their service and sacrifice. But let’s notice those last four words, “for the common good.” And let’s define “the common good” as it was in the origins of this armistice day, as what was good for all peoples of all nations—mutual understanding and friendly relations. Let’s recommit to “patriotism” and “love of country” as doing what is good for our country by building global understanding and peaceful relations. The world is different today, I know. September 11 has changed the meaning of November 11, even if the word for the day had never changed. We can’t depend on relations among nations to preserve peace. Some reject the possibility of mutual understanding; others are unwilling. For some, it has changed the meaning of "never forget" to one of revenge. But how does it change the meaning of November 11 to focus not on the armistice but on the veterans? I’d like to think our goals remain the same—peaceful relations that will reduce the chance of more people becoming veterans of wars. In the Commonwealth of Nations, Armistice Day evolved into Remembrance Day. So let's remember what we're remembering. Let’s honor our veterans by recognizing what they have sacrificed and by doing everything in our power to keep others from having to make such sacrifices in the future. Let’s honor our veterans by reducing the number of future veterans. This year, at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, at the moment of the ceasefire, I remembered how it began, and I understood better. I vow to look for ways, even in these times of divided and dispersed hostility, to rebuild mutual understanding and peaceful relations with all peoples. I feel a bit like Linus at the end of the Charlie Brown special proclaiming the true meaning of Christmas. But I hope a difference here might be that some of you, like me, might not have known of the original call behind Veterans Day, the original commemoration of armistice, “to perpetuate peace through good will and mutual understanding.” That’s a purpose that calls for a different sort of response. We understood then. Can we understand now, too? Let's all meet on this Armistice Day. And never forget.  visualsumo, Pixabay (CC0 Creative Commons)
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 K. Latham, I Voted Sticker, flickr (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0) Gee, did you know that tomorrow are the US midterm elections? How could you miss it? As part of my drive to help people become aware of the ways language, texts, and genres influence us without our noticing, I’m compiling another list for you to ponder—or add to. What genres are shaping our votes—and whether or not we vote?Here are a few: Political ads (including Smear tactics, Racist ads, Inflammatory ads) on radio, tv, social media Bot phone calls (aka political ads) Tweets from politicians Campaign literature (hung on our doors, handed to us at the grocery store, mailed to us) Door-to-door campaigning ---------- Political debates Voters’ guides (League of Women Voters, local community guides, your favorite news source) News stories about the economy, migration, the Supreme Court, racist killings, tweets, and … pick your favorite topic Political discussions at work, at the dinner table, with friends Political arguments at work, at the dinner table, with friends ---------- Voting districts Redistricting, Gerrymandering Voting Rights Act—oh no, wait, that one’s gone, and it was just a single, powerful, text Voting restrictions (signature matching, photo IDs, home address requirements, purged voter registries, prior felonies, and so on and so on and so on) Get out the vote phone calls Excuses for not voting (too busy, too tired, my vote doesn’t count, it’s all rigged, I don’t like any of the candidates) Responses to excuses for not voting (ask your employer for time off to vote, ask for a ride, go with friends, if not a candidate then support the democratic system, and on and on and on—VOTE ANYWAY!!) Polling places (especially their locations—see Dodge City in my own Kansas, long lines in Atlanta, Georgia, and other big cities, and so on and so on) Free rides to polling sites Discounts from Uber, Lyft, for rides to the polls ---------- Voting machines (electronic, paper trail or not, party ticket option or not, and so on) Voting booths (and all that image represents) Ballots (and sample ballots viewable ahead of time) “I Voted” stickers “I Voted” social media posts ----------- VOTES!!!!! I’m sure I missed many bits of language influencing our votes, but most important is what influences whether you vote. Pay special attention to the genres encouraging you to vote, trying to make it easier for you to vote. Be especially critical of the genres inhibiting your vote, encouraging you not to vote. Don’t let any of these genres—or anything else—keep you from voting. If you need information—about where to vote, what’s on the ballot, voter ID requirements, or anything else—you can get that information from the US government here (So you know the credibility of that source, here is the US.gov URL: https://www.usa.gov/election-day ) If you live in Lawrence and need a ride, email me and I’ll get you to your polling place. So just one final word:  amberzen, pixabay (CC0 Creative Commons) |
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